Literature Cited
~~Background Information~~
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gh.html
~~Social Influences~~
Gender-
Awumbila, Mariama. "Gender Equality and Poverty in Ghana: Implications for Poverty Reduction Strategies." GeoJournal 67.2 (2007): 149-61. Jstor. 14 Feb. 2007. Web. 16 Sept. 2012. <http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/41148110?uid=3739256&uid=2129&uid=2&uid=70&uid=4&sid=21101318492121>.
Fentiman, Alicia, Andrew Hall, and Donald Bundy. "School Enrolment Patterns in Rural Ghana: A Comparative Study of the Impact of Location, Gender, Age and Health on Children's Access to Basic Schooling." Comparative Education 35.3 (1999): 331-49. Taylor & Francis Ltd. Nov. 1999. Web. 16 Sept. 2012. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/3099483>.
Senadza, Bernardin. "Education Inequality in Ghana: Gender and Spatial Dimensions."Journal of Economic Studies 39.6 (2012): 724-39. Print.
Maternal and Familial Education
Benefo, Kofi D. "Child Schooling and Contraceptive Use in Rural Africa: A Ghanaian Case Study." Population Research and Policy Review 24.1 (2005): 1-25. Jstor. Feb. 2005. Web. 24 Oct. 2012. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/40230892>.
Blunch, Niels-Hugo. "Staying Alive: Adult Literacy Programs and Child Mortality in Rural Ghana." World Development (2012): n. pag. 2012. Web. 16 Sept. 2012. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2012.06.021>.
Buor, Daniel. "Mothers' Education and Childhood Mortality in Ghana." Health Policy64.3 (2003): 297-309. Elsevier. June 2003. Web. 20 Oct. 2012. <http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168851002001781>.
~~Political Influences~~
National Service-
Albrecht, D., and A. Ziderman. "National Service: A Form of Societal Cost Recovery for Higher Education?" Higher Education 29.2 (1995): 111-28. Springer. Mar. 1995. Web. 22 Oct. 2012. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/3447839>.
Frontani, H. G., and L. C. Taylor. "Development through Civic Service: The Peace Corps and National Service Programmes in Ghana." Progress in Development Studies 9.2 (2009): 87-99. SAGE Publications. Apr. 2009. Web. 20 Oct. 2012. <http://pdj.sagepub.com/content/9/2/87.abstract>.
Secondary School/University Loans/Costs-
Atuahene, Francis. "The Challenge of Financing Higher Education and the Role of Student Loans Scheme: An Analysis of the Student Loan Trust Fund (SLTF) in Ghana." Higher Education 56.4 (2008): 407-21. SpringerLink. 12 Oct. 2007. Web. 22 Oct. 2012. <http://www.springerlink.com/content/5466j0517w257h20/>.
Yamada, Shoko, and Joseph Ghartey Ampiah. "Who Is the True Bearer? The Visible and Hidden Private Cost of Senior Secondary Education and Equity in Ghana." Africa Today 55.3 (2009): 62-82. Africa Today. Spring 2009. Web. 20 Sept. 2012. <http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/africa_today/summary/v055/55.3.yamada.html>.
Regulations/Policy-
Essuman, Ato, and Kwame Akyeampong. "Decentralisation Policy and Practice in Ghana: The Promise and Reality of Community Participation in Education in Rural Communities." Journal of Education Policy 26.4 (2011): 513-27. Taylor Francis Online. 11 July 2011. Web. 23 Oct. 2012. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2011.554999>.
Inoue, Kazuma, and Moses Oketch. "Implementing Free Primary Education Policy in Malawi and Ghana: Equity and Efficiency Analysis." Peabody Journal of Education 83 (2008): 41-70. Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. Taylor & Francis Group, 24 Jan. 2008. Web. 10 Oct. 2012. <http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01619560701649158#preview>.
Roberts, P. A. "Whose School? Conflicts over School Management in Sef'wi Wiawso, Ghana." Anthropology & Education Quarterly 13.3 (1982): 268-78. Jstor. Web. 16 Sept. 2012. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/3216638>
~~Structural Influences~~
Akiba, Motoko, Gerald K. LeTendre, and Jay P. Scibner. "Teacher Quality, Opportunity Gap, and National Achievement in 46 Countries." Educational Researcher 36.7 (2007): 369-87. American Educational Research Association. Oct. 2007. Web. 22 Oct. 2012. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/30136069>.
Ananga, Eric D. "Typology of School Dropout: The Dimensions and Dynamics of Dropout in Ghana." International Journal of Educational Development 31 (2011): 374-81. Elsevier. May 2011. Web. 16 Sept. 2012. <http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0738059311000071>.
Whitehead, Dawn M. "Taking the Road Less Traveled: Primary Teacher Retention in Ghana." ProQuest Dissertations and Theses (2007): n. pag. University Graduate School. Indiana University School of Education, 2007. Web. 20 Oct. 2012.
Farming Community-
Donkor, Anthony. "Parental Involvement in Education in Ghana: The Case of the Hope International School." ProQuest Dissertations and Theses (2009): 1-191. 2009. Web. 19 Sept. 2012.
Gage, Anastasia. "The Interrelationship between Fosterage, Schooling, and Children’s Labor Force Participation in Ghana." Population Research and Policy Review24.5 (2005): 431-66. Springer. Southern Demographic Association, Oct. 2005. Web. 16 Sept. 2012. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/40230917>.
Rural vs. Urban Disadvantage-
Essuman, Ato, and Kwame Akyeampong. "Decentralisation Policy and Practice in Ghana: The Promise and Reality of Community Participation in Education in Rural Communities." Journal of Education Policy 26.4 (2011): 513-27. Taylor Francis Online. 11 July 2011. Web. 23 Oct. 2012. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2011.554999>.
Language-
Edu-Buandoh, Dora F., and Gloria Otchere. ""Speak English!" A Prescription or Choice of English as a Lingua Franca in Ghanaian Schools." Linguistics and Education23 (2012): 301-09. Elsevier. 15 July 2012. Web. 14 Oct. 2012. <www.elsevier.com/locate/linged>.
Gibson, Margaret A. "Reputation and Respectability: How Competing Cultural Systems Affect Students' Performance in School." Anthropology & Education Quarterly13.1 (1982): 3-27. Wiley-Blackwell. American Anthropological Association, Spring 1982. Web. 16 Sept. 2012. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/3216460>.
David, Ernest, and Joseph Agbenyega. "Language Policy and Instructional Practice Dichotomy: The Case of Primary Schools in Ghana." International Journal of Educational Research 53 (2012): 341-47. Elsevier. 2012. Web. 12 Oct. 2012. <http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0883035512000390>.
NGO Management-
Conzelman, Caroline S. Dispatches from the Field: Neophyte Ethnographers in a Changing World. By Andrew Gardner and David M. Hoffman. Long Grove, IL: Waveland, 2006. 119-36. Print.
Solansky, Stephanie T., Dennis Duchon, Donde A. Plowman, and Patricia G. Martinez. "On the Same Page: The Value of Paid and Volunteer Leaders Sharing Mental Models in Churches." Nonprofit Management and Leadership 2nd ser. 19 (2008): 203-19. Wiley InterScience. Winter 2008. Web. 17 Nov. 2012.
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gh.html
~~Social Influences~~
Gender-
Awumbila, Mariama. "Gender Equality and Poverty in Ghana: Implications for Poverty Reduction Strategies." GeoJournal 67.2 (2007): 149-61. Jstor. 14 Feb. 2007. Web. 16 Sept. 2012. <http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/41148110?uid=3739256&uid=2129&uid=2&uid=70&uid=4&sid=21101318492121>.
Fentiman, Alicia, Andrew Hall, and Donald Bundy. "School Enrolment Patterns in Rural Ghana: A Comparative Study of the Impact of Location, Gender, Age and Health on Children's Access to Basic Schooling." Comparative Education 35.3 (1999): 331-49. Taylor & Francis Ltd. Nov. 1999. Web. 16 Sept. 2012. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/3099483>.
Senadza, Bernardin. "Education Inequality in Ghana: Gender and Spatial Dimensions."Journal of Economic Studies 39.6 (2012): 724-39. Print.
Maternal and Familial Education
Benefo, Kofi D. "Child Schooling and Contraceptive Use in Rural Africa: A Ghanaian Case Study." Population Research and Policy Review 24.1 (2005): 1-25. Jstor. Feb. 2005. Web. 24 Oct. 2012. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/40230892>.
Blunch, Niels-Hugo. "Staying Alive: Adult Literacy Programs and Child Mortality in Rural Ghana." World Development (2012): n. pag. 2012. Web. 16 Sept. 2012. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2012.06.021>.
Buor, Daniel. "Mothers' Education and Childhood Mortality in Ghana." Health Policy64.3 (2003): 297-309. Elsevier. June 2003. Web. 20 Oct. 2012. <http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168851002001781>.
~~Political Influences~~
National Service-
Albrecht, D., and A. Ziderman. "National Service: A Form of Societal Cost Recovery for Higher Education?" Higher Education 29.2 (1995): 111-28. Springer. Mar. 1995. Web. 22 Oct. 2012. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/3447839>.
Frontani, H. G., and L. C. Taylor. "Development through Civic Service: The Peace Corps and National Service Programmes in Ghana." Progress in Development Studies 9.2 (2009): 87-99. SAGE Publications. Apr. 2009. Web. 20 Oct. 2012. <http://pdj.sagepub.com/content/9/2/87.abstract>.
Secondary School/University Loans/Costs-
Atuahene, Francis. "The Challenge of Financing Higher Education and the Role of Student Loans Scheme: An Analysis of the Student Loan Trust Fund (SLTF) in Ghana." Higher Education 56.4 (2008): 407-21. SpringerLink. 12 Oct. 2007. Web. 22 Oct. 2012. <http://www.springerlink.com/content/5466j0517w257h20/>.
Yamada, Shoko, and Joseph Ghartey Ampiah. "Who Is the True Bearer? The Visible and Hidden Private Cost of Senior Secondary Education and Equity in Ghana." Africa Today 55.3 (2009): 62-82. Africa Today. Spring 2009. Web. 20 Sept. 2012. <http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/africa_today/summary/v055/55.3.yamada.html>.
Regulations/Policy-
Essuman, Ato, and Kwame Akyeampong. "Decentralisation Policy and Practice in Ghana: The Promise and Reality of Community Participation in Education in Rural Communities." Journal of Education Policy 26.4 (2011): 513-27. Taylor Francis Online. 11 July 2011. Web. 23 Oct. 2012. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2011.554999>.
Inoue, Kazuma, and Moses Oketch. "Implementing Free Primary Education Policy in Malawi and Ghana: Equity and Efficiency Analysis." Peabody Journal of Education 83 (2008): 41-70. Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. Taylor & Francis Group, 24 Jan. 2008. Web. 10 Oct. 2012. <http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01619560701649158#preview>.
Roberts, P. A. "Whose School? Conflicts over School Management in Sef'wi Wiawso, Ghana." Anthropology & Education Quarterly 13.3 (1982): 268-78. Jstor. Web. 16 Sept. 2012. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/3216638>
~~Structural Influences~~
Akiba, Motoko, Gerald K. LeTendre, and Jay P. Scibner. "Teacher Quality, Opportunity Gap, and National Achievement in 46 Countries." Educational Researcher 36.7 (2007): 369-87. American Educational Research Association. Oct. 2007. Web. 22 Oct. 2012. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/30136069>.
Ananga, Eric D. "Typology of School Dropout: The Dimensions and Dynamics of Dropout in Ghana." International Journal of Educational Development 31 (2011): 374-81. Elsevier. May 2011. Web. 16 Sept. 2012. <http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0738059311000071>.
Whitehead, Dawn M. "Taking the Road Less Traveled: Primary Teacher Retention in Ghana." ProQuest Dissertations and Theses (2007): n. pag. University Graduate School. Indiana University School of Education, 2007. Web. 20 Oct. 2012.
Farming Community-
Donkor, Anthony. "Parental Involvement in Education in Ghana: The Case of the Hope International School." ProQuest Dissertations and Theses (2009): 1-191. 2009. Web. 19 Sept. 2012.
Gage, Anastasia. "The Interrelationship between Fosterage, Schooling, and Children’s Labor Force Participation in Ghana." Population Research and Policy Review24.5 (2005): 431-66. Springer. Southern Demographic Association, Oct. 2005. Web. 16 Sept. 2012. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/40230917>.
Rural vs. Urban Disadvantage-
Essuman, Ato, and Kwame Akyeampong. "Decentralisation Policy and Practice in Ghana: The Promise and Reality of Community Participation in Education in Rural Communities." Journal of Education Policy 26.4 (2011): 513-27. Taylor Francis Online. 11 July 2011. Web. 23 Oct. 2012. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2011.554999>.
Language-
Edu-Buandoh, Dora F., and Gloria Otchere. ""Speak English!" A Prescription or Choice of English as a Lingua Franca in Ghanaian Schools." Linguistics and Education23 (2012): 301-09. Elsevier. 15 July 2012. Web. 14 Oct. 2012. <www.elsevier.com/locate/linged>.
Gibson, Margaret A. "Reputation and Respectability: How Competing Cultural Systems Affect Students' Performance in School." Anthropology & Education Quarterly13.1 (1982): 3-27. Wiley-Blackwell. American Anthropological Association, Spring 1982. Web. 16 Sept. 2012. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/3216460>.
David, Ernest, and Joseph Agbenyega. "Language Policy and Instructional Practice Dichotomy: The Case of Primary Schools in Ghana." International Journal of Educational Research 53 (2012): 341-47. Elsevier. 2012. Web. 12 Oct. 2012. <http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0883035512000390>.
NGO Management-
Conzelman, Caroline S. Dispatches from the Field: Neophyte Ethnographers in a Changing World. By Andrew Gardner and David M. Hoffman. Long Grove, IL: Waveland, 2006. 119-36. Print.
Solansky, Stephanie T., Dennis Duchon, Donde A. Plowman, and Patricia G. Martinez. "On the Same Page: The Value of Paid and Volunteer Leaders Sharing Mental Models in Churches." Nonprofit Management and Leadership 2nd ser. 19 (2008): 203-19. Wiley InterScience. Winter 2008. Web. 17 Nov. 2012.